What Are Layer 2 Network Attacks? Layer 2 network attacks target the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. This layer is responsible for node-to-node data transfer and controls the flow of data between two directly connected nodes. It also handles error checking and frames synchronization. Common Layer 2 network components include switches,… Read More »
What Is Multi-Area OSPFv3? Before we look at Multi-area OSPF, you must understand OSPF single-area concepts and configuration. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a classless (supports VLSM and CIDR.), Link State Routing Protocol with an Administrative distance (AD) of 110. OSPF is more efficient than distant vector routing protocols, any routing changes trigger OSPF routing updates which are propagated… Read More »
What is Network Address Translation (NAT)? Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method used in networking to modify network address information in the header of IP packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. The primary purpose of NAT is to enable multiple devices on a local network to access the internet using a single public… Read More »
What Is Native VLANs? A Native VLAN is a term used in networking, mainly in the context of VLAN tagging which is a part of the IEEE 802.1Q standard. In a VLAN setup, multiple virtual networks are configured on a single physical network infrastructure to segment traffic for efficiency and security purposes. The Native VLAN plays a special… Read More »
What Is Netflow? NetFlow is a network protocol developed by Cisco Systems for collecting IP traffic information and monitoring network flow. It’s widely used for network traffic analysis and forms the basis for a variety of network management and security applications. Here’s a brief overview of how NetFlow works: Data Collection: NetFlow-enabled devices, like routers and switches, keep… Read More »
