What is PPP? A point-to-point connection is the most common type of WAN connection. PPP connections are used to connect LANs to service provider WANs and to connect LAN segments within an organization network. A LAN-to-WAN point-to-point connection is also referred to as a serial connection or leased-line connection because the lines are leased from a carrier (usually a telephone company)… Read More »
What is NAT Overload or Port Address Translation PAT. NAT overload sometimes called PAT (Port Address Translation) maps multiple unregistered or private IP addresses to a single registered or public IP address by using different ports. This is what most home broadband routers do. Your ISP assigns an IP address to your router, but you find out that… Read More »
What Are Layer 2 Network Attacks? Layer 2 network attacks target the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. This layer is responsible for node-to-node data transfer and controls the flow of data between two directly connected nodes. It also handles error checking and frames synchronization. Common Layer 2 network components include switches,… Read More »
What Is Multi-Area OSPFv3? Before we look at Multi-area OSPF, you must understand OSPF single-area concepts and configuration. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a classless (supports VLSM and CIDR.), Link State Routing Protocol with an Administrative distance (AD) of 110. OSPF is more efficient than distant vector routing protocols, any routing changes trigger OSPF routing updates which are propagated… Read More »
What is Network Address Translation (NAT)? Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method used in networking to modify network address information in the header of IP packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. The primary purpose of NAT is to enable multiple devices on a local network to access the internet using a single public… Read More »
