Category Archives: Routing Protocol

Multi-Area OSPFv3 Configuration Example.

What Is Multi-Area OSPFv3? Before we look at Multi-area OSPF, you must understand OSPF single-area concepts and configuration. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a classless (supports VLSM and CIDR.), Link State Routing Protocol with an Administrative distance (AD) of 110. OSPF is more efficient than distant vector routing protocols, any routing changes trigger OSPF routing updates which are propagated… Read More »

Network Address Translation – NAT Explained with Examples.

What is Network Address Translation (NAT)? Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method used in networking to modify network address information in the header of IP packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. The primary purpose of NAT is to enable multiple devices on a local network to access the internet using a single public… Read More »

VLAN Error#1 Native VLAN Mismatches.

What Is Native VLANs? A Native VLAN is a term used in networking, mainly in the context of VLAN tagging which is a part of the IEEE 802.1Q standard. In a VLAN setup, multiple virtual networks are configured on a single physical network infrastructure to segment traffic for efficiency and security purposes. The Native VLAN plays a special… Read More »

How To Configure Netflow on Cisco Router.

What Is Netflow? NetFlow is a network protocol developed by Cisco Systems for collecting IP traffic information and monitoring network flow. It’s widely used for network traffic analysis and forms the basis for a variety of network management and security applications. Here’s a brief overview of how NetFlow works: Data Collection: NetFlow-enabled devices, like routers and switches, keep… Read More »

iBGP Explained with Example.

What Is iBGP? Interior Border Gateway Protocol (iBGP) is a part of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) family, which is used for exchanging routing information within a single Autonomous System (AS). An AS is essentially a large network or group of networks under a common administration, often belonging to an organization or an internet service provider. Here are… Read More »